#!/bin/bash

# Vadim Berkgaut <berk@direct.ru> 2003 GPL
# This script creates root filesystem (together with the kernel) ready 
# to be installed on Compact Flash card or Disk-on-Module. The resulting 
# mini-distribution will boot from flash and run from tmpfs in memory. 
# Otherwise it is not different from Debian and can be upgraded from 
# debian archives. It is intended for diskless Linux routers.

# The script requires wget and debootstrap to run. You also need to
# prepare statically linked busybox binary (with mount, umount, cp, 
# pivot_root, freeramdisk and sh). The kernel on the source system 
# should support loop devices. Tested with debootstrap 0.1.17.

################# Configurable parameters ############################

# debian distribution
DIST=woody

# create directory tree under ./debian-router
ROOT=$PWD/debian-router

# set to your fastest mirror
DEBIAN_ARCHIVE=http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/

# final destinations for /boot and / on flash; better 
# do not touch, or read the script through first 
FLASH_BOOT_DEV=/dev/hda1
FLASH_ROOT_DEV=/dev/hda2

# should be less than the size of the flash
TMPFS_SIZE=100m

# uncomment if you don't need documentation (saves about 10MB):
# JUNK="/usr/share/locale /usr/share/doc /usr/share/man /usr/share/info \
# /usr/doc /usr/lib/gconv"
# or uncomment if you do:
JUNK="/usr/share/locale" 

# Statically linked busybox binary, needed for initrd. It should support 
# mount, umount, cp, pivot_root, freeramdisk and shell (tested with msh). 
BUSYBOX=/home/berk/tmp/busybox

################### Main part: debootstrap #############################

test -f $BUSYBOX || { echo "busybox not found"; exit 1; }
test -d $ROOT || mkdir $ROOT
cd $ROOT/..
debootstrap --exclude=\
base-config,console-data,console-tools,console-tools-libs,\
console-common,exim,libident,libldap2,libpcre3,libsasl7,\
modconf,manpages,man-db,groff-base,info,syslinux,ipchains,\
pppoeconf,pppoe,pppconfig,ppp,pciutils,fdutils,bsdmainutils,tasksel,\
gettext-base,pcmcia-cs,at,logrotate,mailx,libgdbmg1 \
$DIST $ROOT $DEBIAN_ARCHIVE

################ Get newer packages and the kernel ####################

echo
echo "Upgrading the system and adding new packages"
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive 

>$ROOT/etc/apt/sources.list cat <<EOF
# Packaged kernels, some stuff from testing compiled for stable and
# non-standard packages like fprobe
deb http://gate-bunker.p6.msu.ru/~berk/debian/ /

# Official debian stuff
deb $DEBIAN_ARCHIVE stable main non-free contrib
deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free
EOF

# Workaround for debian bug #188924, or ssmtp will complain
>$ROOT/etc/hosts cat <<EOF
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.2 `cat $ROOT/etc/hostname` 
EOF

>$ROOT/etc/kernel-img.conf cat <<EOF
do_symlinks = no
do_boot_enable = no
EOF

cp /etc/resolv.conf $ROOT/etc
cd /
chroot $ROOT apt-get update
chroot $ROOT apt-get -y dist-upgrade
chroot $ROOT apt-get -y install ssh iproute rsync mc module-init-tools vlan\
    kernel-image-2.4-router-386 ssmtp mailx at
echo $JUNK | grep -q share/man || chroot $ROOT apt-get -y install man-db
echo $JUNK | grep -q share/info || chroot $ROOT apt-get -y install info
rm $ROOT/var/cache/apt/*.bin
cd $ROOT/boot
ln -s `ls vmlinuz*` vmlinuz.backup
echo "System upgraded"

########### Make some changes to configuration files ###################

>$ROOT/etc/apt/apt.conf cat <<'EOF'
Dir "/"
{
    // Do without apt binary caches to save space
    Cache "var/cache/apt/" {
	archives "archives/";
	srcpkgcache "";
	pkgcache "";     
    };
};

DPkg 
{
    Post-Invoke {"/usr/local/sbin/cleanup";};
}
EOF

>$ROOT/etc/fstab cat <<'EOF'
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system>	<mount point>	<type>	<options>		<dump>	<pass>
tmpfs		/		tmpfs	rw			0	0
proc		/proc		proc	defaults		0	0
EOF

>$ROOT/etc/lilo.conf cat <<'EOF'
# you can use 'lba32' with newer BIOSes 
geometric
boot=/dev/hda
root=/dev/ram0
install=/boot/boot-menu.b
map=/boot/map
delay=20
prompt
timeout=20
vga=normal
append="hda=flash"

image=/boot/vmlinuz
	label=linux
	read-write
	initrd=/boot/initrd
	optional

image=/boot/vmlinuz.old
	label=linuxold
	read-write
	initrd=/boot/initrd
	optional

image=/boot/vmlinuz.backup
	label=backup
	read-write
	initrd=/boot/initrd
EOF

>$ROOT/etc/kernel-img.conf cat <<'EOF'
link_in_boot = yes
do_boot_enable = yes
do_bootfloppy = no
do_bootloader = no
silent_loader = yes
preinst_hook = /usr/local/sbin/mountboot
postinst_hook = /usr/local/sbin/run_lilo
prerm_hook = /usr/local/sbin/mountboot
postrm_hook = /usr/local/sbin/run_lilo
EOF

######################## Prepare initrd ############################

echo
echo "Preparing initrd"
cd $ROOT/initrd
mkdir bin dev initrd mnt proc sbin
cp $BUSYBOX bin/busybox

>sbin/init cat <<EOF
#!/bin/busybox sh

B=/bin/busybox
\$B mount -t tmpfs -o size=$TMPFS_SIZE tmpfs /initrd
\$B mount -t ext2 -r $FLASH_ROOT_DEV /mnt
cd /mnt
\$B echo "Copying files from flash..."
\$B cp -a bin dev etc home initrd lib mnt proc root sbin tmp usr var /initrd
cd /initrd
\$B cp /bin/* tmp
\$B pivot_root . initrd
mount -t proc proc /proc
umount /initrd/mnt
exec /tmp/detect </dev/console >/dev/console 2>&1
EOF

>bin/detect cat <<'EOF'
#!/bin/sh

umount /initrd
/tmp/busybox freeramdisk /dev/ram0 && echo "freeramdisk ok"
find /lib/modules/* -maxdepth 0 -type d ! -name `uname -r` | xargs rm -rf
rm /tmp/busybox /etc/mtab
ln -s /proc/mounts /etc/mtab

echo Detecting PCI cards...
cut -b 1-42 /lib/modules/`uname -r`/modules.pcimap | \
 sed "s/ 0x0000//g" | fgrep "`cut -f 2 /proc/bus/pci/devices`" | \
 cut -d ' ' -f 1 | sort | xargs -l1 /sbin/modprobe

test -f /sbin/init || exec /bin/sh
exec /sbin/init
EOF

chmod 755 bin/busybox bin/detect sbin/init
cd $ROOT/dev
cp -a console hda hda[1-4] $ROOT/initrd/dev

IMAGE=$ROOT/boot/initrd
test -f $IMAGE && rm $IMAGE
dd if=/dev/zero of=$IMAGE bs=1k count=1024
mke2fs -F -m0 $IMAGE
mount -t ext2 -o loop $IMAGE /mnt
rmdir /mnt/lost+found
cp -a $ROOT/initrd/* /mnt
rm -rf $ROOT/initrd/*
umount /mnt
gzip -9 $IMAGE
mv $IMAGE.gz $IMAGE
echo "initrd done"

######### Scripts in /usr/local/sbin for system maintenance ##########

cd $ROOT/usr/local/sbin

>cleanup cat <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
# Vadim Berkgaut <berk@direct.ru> 2003
# Removes parts of packages we can live without and cleans apt cache.
# Invoked by APT:DPkg:Post-Invoke.

dpkg --clear-avail
for J in $JUNK ; do
    rm -rf \$J/*
done
rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
if [ -f /proc/mounts ] ; then
    for MOUNT in /boot /lib/modules /mnt ; do
	grep -q "\$MOUNT" /proc/mounts && umount \$MOUNT
    done
fi
echo "Cleaned up"
EOF

>mountboot cat <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
# Vadim Berkgaut <berk@direct.ru> 2003
# Mounts /boot and /lib/modules from flash when we install a new kernel.

umount_all() {
    for MOUNT in /boot /lib/modules /mnt ; do
	grep -q "\$MOUNT" /proc/mounts && umount \$MOUNT
	test -d \$MOUNT || mkdir \$MOUNT
    done
}

cd /; umount_all
if
    mount $FLASH_ROOT_DEV /mnt -o noatime,rw && \\
    mount $FLASH_BOOT_DEV /boot -o noatime,rw && \\
    mount /mnt/lib/modules /lib/modules --bind && \\
    umount /mnt
then
    exit 0
else
    umount_all
    exit 1
fi
EOF

>run_lilo cat <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
lilo
EOF

EXCLUDE="--exclude=\"/lib/modules\""
for J in $JUNK ; do
    EXCLUDE="$EXCLUDE --exclude=\"$J\""
done

>wr cat <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
# Vadim Berkgaut <berk@direct.ru> 2003
# Dumps changes in tmpfs to flash, Cisco style. Uses rsync
# to avoid excessive writing to flash.

while true ; do
    case "\$1" in
	a|-a|all|-all|--all)               WRITE_ALL='y';;
	v|-v|verbose|-verbose|--verbose)   WRITE_VERBOSE='v';;
	av|va|-av|-va)                     WRITE_ALL='y' ; WRITE_VERBOSE='v';;
	'')  cd / ; break;;
	*)   echo "Usage: wr [a|all] [v|verbose]" ; exit 1;;
    esac
    shift
done

RSYNC="/usr/bin/rsync"
test -f \$RSYNC || exit 1
RSYNC="\$RSYNC -ax\$WRITE_VERBOSE --delete --temp-dir=/tmp"

mount -t ext2 -o noatime $FLASH_ROOT_DEV /mnt || exit 1
\$RSYNC --exclude="/etc/fstab" --exclude="/etc/motd" \\
    --exclude="/etc/ioctl.save" --exclude="/etc/mtab" \\
    --exclude="/etc/network/ifstate" \\
    /etc /mnt
for FILE in /root/.profile /root/.bashrc /root/.mc/ini ; do
    DIR=\`dirname /mnt\$FILE\`
    test -e \$FILE && { test -d \$DIR || mkdir \$DIR; } && \\
	\$RSYNC \$FILE /mnt\$FILE || rm -f /mnt\$FILE
done
echo "config saved"
if [ \$WRITE_ALL ] ; then
    \$RSYNC \\
	$EXCLUDE \\
	/bin /lib /sbin /usr /mnt
    \$RSYNC --exclude="available*" \\
	/var/lib/dpkg /var/lib/apt /mnt/var/lib
    echo "system saved"
fi
umount /mnt
EOF

chmod 700 cleanup mountboot wr run_lilo

######### Cleanup and prepare for installation to flash ###################

chroot $ROOT /usr/local/sbin/cleanup
rmdir $ROOT/floppy $ROOT/cdrom
cd $ROOT/usr/share/mc
rm -rf mc.hlp.* mc.hint.*

cd $ROOT/..

>lilo.router.conf cat <<'EOF'
disk=/dev/hdc
    bios=0x80
# you can use 'lba32' with newer BIOSes
geometric
boot=/dev/hdc
delay=20
prompt
timeout=20
vga=normal
optional
append="hda=flash"
image=/boot/vmlinuz.backup
label=backup
root=/dev/ram0
read-write
initrd=/boot/initrd
EOF

>debrouter_install cat <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
cd $ROOT
mount /dev/hdc2 /mnt
cp -a bin dev home lib opt root tmp var etc initrd mnt proc sbin usr /mnt 
mkdir /mnt/boot
mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt/boot
cp -a boot/* /mnt/boot
cp ../lilo.router.conf /mnt
cd /
chroot /mnt lilo -C /lilo.router.conf
rm /mnt/lilo.router.conf
umount /mnt/boot
umount /mnt
EOF

chmod 755 debrouter_install 

sleep 3
clear
echo "
Now it is time to install the resulting directory tree to flash.

I assume that you have a Compact Flash card or DOM in the secondary
IDE controller, and that it has two ext2 formatted partitions, 
small /dev/hdc1 for /boot and bigger /dev/hdc2 for the rest of the 
tree.

Then you can run debrouter_install script from the current
directory. After that you can move your flash card to the 
primary IDE controller and hopefully boot from there.

Otherwise make the neccessary preparations and adjust this script 
to your needs.

Have fun.
"     
exit 0